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Cpanel::JSON::XS versions from 4.33 before 4.80 for Perl accept malformed UTF-8 in bare hash keys under allow_barekey in decode_hv. With utf8 and allow_barekey, which relaxed enables, a quoted key is validated as UTF-8 but a bare key's bytes are stored as a UTF-8 flagged string without any check. Malformed UTF-8, control bytes and backslashes reach the decoded hash, while malformed UTF-8 and control bytes in a quoted key or a value are rejected. Later operations on the key, including lc, uc or encoding the hash again, die with a malformed UTF-8 error.

Cpanel::JSON::XS versions from 4.33 before 4.80 for Perl miss duplicate non-ASCII bare keys, allowing type confusion under dupkeys_as_arrayref in decode_hv. With allow_barekey, which relaxed enables, a bare key containing a non-ASCII byte is stored as UTF-8 but looked up as raw bytes, so a repeated key escapes the duplicate-key check and replaces the earlier value. From 4.41, under dupkeys_as_arrayref, a bare repeat replaces the array that collects a key's values with a plain value, and the next quoted repeat pushes onto that value as if it were an array. A JSON integer there is dereferenced as a pointer. Untrusted JSON decoded with relaxed and dupkeys_as_arrayref can crash the process or dereference an address chosen by a JSON number.

Cpanel::JSON::XS versions before 4.80 for Perl allow stack exhaustion via nested tagged values under allow_tags in decode_tag. With allow_tags, "(" starts a tagged value. Its tag and value are decoded recursively, and each can start another tagged value. Unlike arrays and objects, this nesting is not counted against max_depth. A run of "(" bytes exhausts the C stack and triggers an uncatchable segmentation fault regardless of max_depth.

Cpanel::JSON::XS versions before 4.80 for Perl leak the decoded key of an object rejected for a duplicate key or a missing colon in decode_hv. A quoted key of 24 or more bytes, or one containing a non-ASCII byte or an escape sequence, is decoded into a new scalar. Nothing frees that scalar when the object is rejected for a missing ':' after the key or, from 4.09, for a duplicate key. Duplicate keys are an error unless allow_dupkeys, dupkeys_as_arrayref or relaxed is set. A process that keeps running after a failed decode retains one key per rejected document, with its size chosen by the sender. Repeated requests exhaust process memory.

Cognition before 0.13.0 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability due to defaulting its agent sandbox backend to local execution and shipping no authentication on its REST/SSE API. Attackers can create a session via POST /sessions and post a message via POST /sessions/{id}/messages without credentials, causing the Deep Agents ReAct loop to run attacker-directed shell commands through the local shell backend, resulting in remote code execution as the server process.

Fenrir Sleipnir Browser for Android before 3.9.0 contains a UI spoofing vulnerability that allows remote attackers to impersonate the browser's trusted address bar by entering fullscreen mode via the Fullscreen API without displaying a persistent notification or trusted-origin indicator. Attackers can render a counterfeit address bar showing a trusted origin over attacker-controlled content after a single user tap, enabling credential harvesting, malware delivery, or social engineering through fake login, update, or payment pages.

A heap use-after-free in the gf_odf_ac4_cfg_clean_list function (/odf/descriptors.c) of GPAC Project/MP4Box 2.5-DEV-rev1593-gfe88c3545-master allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted AC4 file.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information.

Element X iOS is a Matrix iOS Client provided by Element. Element X iOS before version 26.05.0 fails to check the URL allowlist when parsing io.element.call://. If an attacker is able to trick the user into opening a maliciously crafted io.element.call:// URL, they are able to load an attacker-controlled origin inside the call screen's WKWebView which will be granted device microphone and camera permissions (provided the user has previously granted these permissions to Element X iOS). This issue has been patched in version 26.05.0.

IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3.6.0, and 2.3.6.1 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remotely authenticated attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim's Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 allows web page cache to be stored locally which can be read by another user on the system.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 allows information disclosure through exposure of schema suggestions.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 uses cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) which could allow an attacker to carry out privileged actions as the domain name is not being limited to only trusted domains.

IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3.6.0, and 2.3.6.1 is vulnerable to cross site scripting. The web app user‑supplied input is not properly sanitized or HTML‑encoded before being stored and rendered. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by entering specially crafted payloads containing malicious JavaScript which are saved within the app and later executed automatically when user views affected pages, resulting in Stored Cross‑Site Scripting (Stored XSS).

IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3.6.0, and 2.3.6.1 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via Heap Inspection.

IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation.

TickTick Android application (com.ticktick.task) 8.2.2.0 contains a path traversal vulnerability in its exported ShareReceiveActivity that allows a malicious local application to write files outside the intended attachment directory by supplying a crafted content:// URI with a traversal filename via ACTION_SEND intents. A malicious application can register a ContentProvider returning a _display_name value containing traversal sequences, which is passed unsanitized through FileManager.getDisplayNameFromUri and AttachmentFileHelper.copyFileDirectly, causing automatic file writes to attacker-chosen locations with TickTick's application privileges.

CCC Attestation SIG attested-tls-poc through commit 731ca82 fails to bind early attestation Evidence to the TLS connection, allowing attackers to relay valid Evidence from a genuine attester. Attackers holding an extracted attested TLS private key can forward the relying party's nonce to a genuine attester and replay its Evidence to impersonate the attested workload and intercept data.

A security vulnerability has been detected in grandnode grandnode2 up to 2.3.0. This impacts the function ProductImportDataObject.PrepareProductPictures of the component Excel Import. The manipulation of the argument Picture1/Picture2/Picture3 leads to path traversal. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 2.4.0 will fix this issue. The identifier of the patch is 2abbaed232080ad74949c6f35581f0351e309972. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

A weakness has been identified in Wuxi Wubang Security Software Five-in-One Safety Production Management Information System up to 3.5. This affects an unknown function of the file /FCKeditor/editor/filemanager/connectors/aspx/upload.aspx of the component Upload Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument NewFile can lead to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

markdown-it is a Markdown parser. Prior to 14.3.2 and 15.0.2, when typographer: true is enabled, specially crafted Markdown can cause quadratic processing time in the smartquotes rule, potentially leading to denial of service in applications processing untrusted input. Many opening double quotes followed by unmatched closing single quotes cause repeated scans of the entire opener stack. The same issue occurs with the quote types reversed. The default configuration (typographer: false) is not affected, but this option is enabled with high probability. This issue is fixed in versions 14.3.2 and 15.0.2.

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. From 4.12.4 until 4.13.11, serveStatic can interpret a malformed percent-encoded path differently from upstream routing middleware and bypass protection for a static prefix. The root cause is serveStatic decodes a routed request path a second time before filesystem lookup. The attack mechanism is malformed percent encoding survives the first routing interpretation and becomes a protected path only during the later static-file decode. The affected component is serveStatic. The trigger conditions are an application protects a static prefix with upstream middleware and serveStatic receives an attacker-controlled malformed percent-encoded path. The impact is unauthorized disclosure of a static file that upstream middleware was intended to protect. The issue does not permit traversal outside the configured static root. This issue is fixed in version 4.13.11.