Intelligence
Explorer.

FreeRDP from 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains a memory exhaustion vulnerability in wts_read_drdynvc_data_first that allows authenticated clients to force servers to commit large memory allocations. Attackers can send a seven-byte DATA_FIRST message on an opened DVC declaring a large 32-bit length, causing zeroed resident memory growth and server resource exhaustion.

FreeRDP versions 3.13.0 before 3.32.0 contain a resource retention flaw in drive_process_irp_create, which registers an opened local file in the drive dictionary before applying the allocation size and does not remove it when that operation fails. A malicious RDP server connected to a client with drive redirection enabled can send IRP_MJ_CREATE with AllocationSize set to UINT64_MAX, forcing the seek to fail and leaking the file object and operating-system handle until drive teardown.

FreeRDP before 3.32.0 fails to close prior serial handles in serial_process_irp_create, allowing a malicious RDP server to exhaust file descriptors. Attackers can send repeated serial IRP_MJ_CREATE requests to accumulate descriptors and terminate the client at the CommReadFile FD_SETSIZE assertion.

FreeRDP versions from 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contain a null pointer dereference in the rdpsnd channel when a fragment sets CHANNEL_FLAG_LAST without CHANNEL_FLAG_FIRST. A malicious RDP server can send a malformed rdpsnd PDU on a fresh channel to crash the client and cause denial of service.

A weakness has been identified in sgl-project SGLang up to 0.5.19. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file python/sglang/srt/managers/io_struct.py of the component generate Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument session_params causes denial of service. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Omada Controller's MSP and OpenAPI certificate/private-key management APIs do not properly enforce administrative authorization, allowing an authenticated user to perform privileged certificate management operations.  Successful exploitation may allow a low-privileged authenticated user to upload or delete the controller's TLS certificate or private key, potentially disrupting secure management access.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

### Summary `qs.stringify` with `arrayFormat: 'comma'` throws `TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value` when an array element cannot be coerced to a string, such as an object with an own non-callable `toString` (`{ "toString": "x" }`) or a null-prototype object. The comma format joins array elements with `Array.prototype.join` and, under `encodeValuesOnly`, first passes each element through `String()` in `utils.encode`; neither guards against an element whose string coercion fails. ### Details In `lib/stringify.js`, the comma branch collapses the array with `obj.join(',')`. For an element whose own `toString` is not callable, `ToPrimitive` skips it, falls through to `Object.prototype.valueOf` (which returns the object itself), and throws. Under `encodeValuesOnly: true`, the same element first reaches `String(str)` in `utils.encode` (`lib/utils.js`) and throws there. Nested arrays (`{ "a": [[{ "toString": "x" }]] }`) throw the same way, through `Array.prototype.toString`. The `indices`, `brackets`, and `repeat` formats walk into object elements instead of coercing them, and are not affected. Such elements can come from untrusted input. `JSON.parse` produces `{ "a": [{ "toString": "x" }] }` with no qs option involved. `qs.parse("a[0][toString]=x", { allowPrototypes: true })` keeps the `toString` key, and `qs.parse("a[][b]=c", { plainObjects: true })` produces a null-prototype element; the default parse options drop `toString` and produce ordinary objects, which do not throw. Express 4's default `query parser`, Express 5's `extended` query parser, and body-parser's `urlencoded({ extended: true })` all call `qs.parse` with `allowPrototypes: true`. #### PoC ```js var qs = require("qs"); qs.stringify(JSON.parse("{\"a\":[{\"toString\":\"x\"}]}"), { arrayFormat: "comma" }); qs.stringify(qs.parse("a[0][toString]=x", { allowPrototypes: true }), { arrayFormat: "comma" }); qs.stringify(qs.parse("a[][b]=c", { plainObjects: true }), { arrayFormat: "comma", encodeValuesOnly: true }); // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value ``` #### Fix Applied in a952e75 on `main` and released as v6.16.1: an element whose string coercion would fail is coerced to its primitive `valueOf`, if any, or else to `Object.prototype.toString`, so it renders as `[object Object]`, the same as any other object element already does under the comma format. Nested arrays are walked the way `join` walks them. Every input that did not previously throw serializes exactly as before, and a `toString` or `valueOf` that itself throws still propagates. ### Affected versions `>=6.7.0 <6.16.1`, fixed in v6.16.1. The `join` path was introduced with the comma format in b84acba and first shipped in v6.7.0; v6.6.x and earlier ignore `arrayFormat: 'comma'` and are not affected. The `encodeValuesOnly` `String()` site was introduced in 4c4b23d (v6.11.1); before that, the same input throws at `join`. Every release from v6.7.0 through v6.16.0 is affected. ### Impact An unauthenticated request can make any code path that re-serializes attacker-influenced data with `qs.stringify` and `arrayFormat: 'comma'` (for example, rebuilding a query string from `req.query` for a redirect or an upstream request, or serializing a parsed JSON body) throw synchronously. In a typical Node.js HTTP framework the throw is caught by the framework error boundary and the affected request returns a 500; the process survives and other requests are unaffected. Where the call runs outside an error boundary, such as an `async` Express 4 handler (where the throw becomes an unhandled promise rejection) or a bare `http` request handler, the process exits, so the impact in that case depends on the application error handling rather than on qs. The default `arrayFormat` (`indices`) is not affected.

A security vulnerability has been detected in Praat up to 7.0.02. Affected is the function whisper_model_load of the file external/whispercpp/whisper.cpp of the component Model Loader. The manipulation of the argument n_dims leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The identifier of the patch is a910d21a2705ef4cd16d91f29cdc8da1ab1a7221. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch. The project maintainer confirms: "We did a quick fix (suggested fix 1) for Praat version 7.0.03, and scheduled a better fix (suggested fix 2)."

A weakness has been identified in itsmeravitejak Online-Examination-System up to e6208e630b14657999bbfe4c9912302d2a1e2449. The affected element is an unknown function of the file dbtables.sql. Executing a manipulation can lead to information disclosure. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This product operates on a rolling release basis, ensuring continuous delivery. Consequently, there are no version details for either affected or updated releases. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

A vulnerability was detected in turboderp ExLlamaV2 up to 0.3.2. Affected is the function STFile.get_tensor of the file exllamav2/stloader.py of the component Safetensors Tensor Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument data_offsets results in buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

An administrator could retrieve the password reset code for any user and take over the account. The password reset codes were included in the output of an API and could be used to reset the password of any account. The API is limited to use by administrator accounts only. An attacker who already has administrative access to the application could compromise the credentials of other accounts on the application. Device credentials and customer data cannot be accessed with this vulnerability.

When the default self-signed certificate is used, an attacker could gain administrative access to the application. The SSL certificate for the web interface is used to sign JWT access tokens that are used to validate that the user is logged in. When the default SSL certificate is used, an attacker could have the capability to sign JWT access tokens and bypass login. An attacker could gain administrative access to the application and perform actions like configuring the service or requesting log collection. Device credentials and customer data cannot be accessed with this vulnerability.

When the password reset functionality is enabled, and email is configured, an attacker could take over any account using a brute-force attack. There is no rate limiting on the attempts to enter the reset code, leading to the possibility of a brute force solution to the password reset challenge. An attacker could gain administrative access to the application and perform actions like configuring the service or requesting log collection. Device credentials and customer data cannot be accessed with this vulnerability.

In Omada Controller MSP mode, the user-confirmation endpoint fails to enforce the required permission check. An authenticated user can supply a caller-controlled Identifier parameter to validate credentials for another account and receive responses that distinguish nonexistent users, invalid passwords, and successful authentication.  Successful exploitation may allow user enumeration, credential verification, and unauthorized access to MSP resources or compromise of targeted accounts.

An improper access control vulnerability has been identified in the SonicWall Network Security Manager (NSM) on-prem in export settings, potentially allowing a remote authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information. This may allow the attacker to escalate privileges to an administrator or to intercept communications of other users of the NSM instance.

FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. From 3.9.0 until 3.22.0, pristine manual FileRise installations without PERSISTENT_TOKENS_KEY or metadata/persistent_tokens.key can activate a published legacy compatibility key. If an attacker separately obtains ciphertext-bearing account or configuration files, the known fallback key can enable decryption of TOTP secrets or credentials. Docker installations already generated a unique persistent key, and existing installations are not automatically rotated because doing so could make encrypted state unreadable. This issue is fixed in version 3.22.0.

OpenAEV is an open source platform allowing organizations to plan, schedule and conduct cyber adversary simulation campaign and tests. Prior to version 2.260622.0, on a default installation, the `/api/player/**` lessons endpoints can be called without authentication, and they trust a client-supplied `userId` query parameter without verifying that the caller is that user or a member of the exercise. An unauthenticated client that knows an exercise UUID can read lessons-learned questions and answers (including each answer's author identity) and create or overwrite answers attributed to an arbitrary user. Version 2.260622.0 contains a patch.

FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.21.0, FileRise returns the stored branding.footerHtml value through the unauthenticated public site configuration API without server-side sanitization. The FileRise frontend already sanitizes this value before rendering it into the page, using an allowlist of simple footer tags and safe link handling. The unauthenticated public config API exposed raw admin-provided footer HTML to clients, which is still undesirable and could be unsafe for alternate clients or future render paths. An administrator must first store the malicious footer value. This issue is fixed in version 3.21.0.

FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.21.0, FileRise tracks failed logins only by the combination of source IP address and username. A remote unauthenticated attacker can rotate usernames to obtain a fresh per-account attempt budget for each name, enabling password spraying from one source beyond the intended limit. Per-user limits still apply and can also produce distinguishable throttling behavior for targeted accounts. The affected surface is AuthModel::getFailedLoginKey(). This issue is fixed in version 3.21.0.

FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.21.0, FileRise enforces disableFormLogin, disableBasicAuth, and disableOIDCLogin in the client interface but not consistently in the corresponding server-side authentication flows. A user with otherwise valid credentials for a disabled method can call its backend endpoint directly and authenticate despite the administrator's login-method policy. The flaw does not permit credential-free authentication. This issue is fixed in version 3.21.0.